{"id":1318,"date":"2022-10-31T13:13:14","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T13:13:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clicktotherapy.com\/fr\/blog\/?p=1318"},"modified":"2024-08-27T09:12:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T07:12:48","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-depression-saisonniere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clicktotherapy.com\/fr\/blog\/quest-ce-que-la-depression-saisonniere\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce que la d\u00e9pression saisonni\u00e8re ou le trouble affectif saisonnier ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00c0 la fin de l&rsquo;automne, certaines personnes commencent \u00e0 souffrir de sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9pressifs. Le Trouble Affectif Saisonnier est un \u00e9tat d\u00e9pressif qui <strong>est li\u00e9 au changement des saisons et, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, au manque de lumi\u00e8re naturelle<\/strong>. Pour \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une v\u00e9ritable <a href=\"https:\/\/clicktotherapy.com\/fr\/blog\/depression-et-troubles-depressifs\">d\u00e9pression<\/a>, ce trouble doit se manifester chaque ann\u00e9e pendant la p\u00e9riode hivernale et durant au moins deux ann\u00e9es cons\u00e9cutives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, le trouble affectif saisonnier doit \u00eatre distingu\u00e9 de la d\u00e9prime hivernale. Alors que la d\u00e9prime hivernale est un trouble saisonnier temporaire avec des sympt\u00f4mes l\u00e9gers tels que la perte d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, le d\u00e9sir de sucreries et des fluctuations d&rsquo;humeur, <strong>le trouble affectif saisonnier est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des sympt\u00f4mes plus graves, qui peuvent rappeler un trouble d\u00e9pressif.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le trouble affectif saisonnier est mentionn\u00e9 dans le DSM-5 am\u00e9ricain (Manuel de diagnostic et de statistiques des troubles mentaux) : il y est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une forme de d\u00e9pression. <strong>Il affecte 2 \u00e0 3% de la population<\/strong>, et se rencontre plus fr\u00e9quemment chez les femmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Causes<\/strong> du trouble affectif saisonnier :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La principale cause du trouble affectif saisonnier est la baisse de lumi\u00e8re qui survient en automne : il y a en effet moins de lumi\u00e8re naturelle en hiver qu&rsquo;en \u00e9t\u00e9, et nous sommes \u00e9galement plus expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re artificielle, car nous restons plus souvent \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreuses recherches montrent qu&rsquo;il existe un lien entre le manque de lumi\u00e8re et divers troubles mentaux qui apparaissent pendant la p\u00e9riode hivernale. <strong>La d\u00e9pression saisonni\u00e8re est notamment consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une cons\u00e9quence des changements hormonaux provoqu\u00e9s dans le corps par la diminution de l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re naturelle.<\/strong> Il a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 montr\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il y a <strong>une augmentation de la production de l&rsquo;hormone de la <em>m\u00e9latonine<\/em><\/strong> pendant les mois d&rsquo;hiver. C&rsquo;est une hormone qui r\u00e9gule le cycle veille-sommeil : son augmentation entra\u00eene une d\u00e9synchronisation de l&rsquo;horloge biologique. De plus, il semble qu&rsquo;en hiver, il y ait <strong>une diminution de l&rsquo;hormone de la <em>s\u00e9rotonine<\/em><\/strong>, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l&rsquo;hormone du bien-\u00eatre, qui r\u00e9gule l&rsquo;humeur, le sommeil, les habitudes alimentaires et les \u00e9motions. Ces d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres hormonaux peuvent entra\u00eener l&rsquo;apparition de sympt\u00f4mes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9pression. Cependant, les d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres hormonaux, ainsi que leurs sympt\u00f4mes, <strong>tendent \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre d\u00e8s l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e du printemps et que les jours deviennent plus lumineux<\/strong>, pour r\u00e9appara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau \u00e0 l&rsquo;automne suivant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sympt\u00f4mes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici quelques sympt\u00f4mes du trouble affectif saisonnier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Troubles de l&rsquo;humeur (irritabilit\u00e9, fluctuations de l&rsquo;humeur, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensation de fatigue et somnolence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perte d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les activit\u00e9s habituelles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perte d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manque de concentration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stress important<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Troubles du sommeil (insomnie)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diminution de la libido<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tristesse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Retrait et isolement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prise de poids<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manque d&rsquo;estime de soi <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Trouble Affectif Saisonnier se caract\u00e9rise par une humeur d\u00e9pressive, un sentiment de tristesse, une perte d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, un manque d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les activit\u00e9s pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es, une difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 se concentrer et une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 intense. Cependant, deux sympt\u00f4mes typiques distinguent la d\u00e9pression hivernale des formes plus classiques de d\u00e9pression. <strong>Les personnes qui en souffrent ont tendance \u00e0 manger davantage et de mani\u00e8re compulsive, avec une envie irr\u00e9pressible d&rsquo;aliments sucr\u00e9s.<\/strong> Selon les recherches, dans 70 \u00e0 80% des cas, ces comportements conduisent \u00e0 une prise de poids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les sympt\u00f4mes commencent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement <strong>entre septembre et d\u00e9cembre<\/strong> et se poursuivent jusqu&rsquo;au retour du printemps, entre mars et avril de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e suivante. Le retour de la saison estivale apporte avec lui une r\u00e9mission compl\u00e8te des sympt\u00f4mes, souvent v\u00e9cue comme une renaissance. Ceux qui vivent avec un trouble affectif saisonnier confirment ces sympt\u00f4mes et ce grand contraste entre l&rsquo;humeur sombre de l&rsquo;hiver et l&rsquo;enthousiasme et l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie intense de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"uk-section\"><div class=\"uk-container uk-padding-remove uk-position-relative uk-text-center\"><div style=\"\n    background: #A7E8E6;\n    top: 0;\n    left: -30px;\n    height: 100%;\n    width: calc(100% + 60px);\n\" class=\"uk-position-absolute\"><\/div><div style=\"\" class=\"uk-position-relative\"><div uk-grid=\"\" class=\"uk-grid\" style=\"\n    margin-left: 0;\n\"><div class=\"uk-width-expand@s uk-width-1-1 uk-text-center uk-margin-remove uk-first-column\" style=\"\n    padding-left: 0;\n\"><h2 class=\"uk-text-bold\" style=\"\">D\u00e9pistage pr\u00e9coce de la d\u00e9pression<\/h2><p class=\"uk-margin-small\" style=\"\">Faites le test de d\u00e9pistage pr\u00e9coce de la d\u00e9pression et voyez imm\u00e9diatement votre r\u00e9sultat.<\/p><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"uk-button uk-button-large uk-margin-auto uk-margin-top uk-text-bold uk-width-medium\" href=\"https:\/\/clicktotherapy.com\/tests\/test-de-depression\" style=\"\n    margin-bottom: 20px;background: white;\n    border: 0!important;\n    color: initial;\n\">FAIRE LE TEST DE D\u00c9PRESSION<\/a><\/div><div class=\"cm-mobile-screens uk-width-1-2@s\" style=\"\/* height: 370px; *\/\/* margin-top: 10px; *\/-webkit-touch-callout: none;-webkit-user-select: none;user-select: none;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 442.56 382.7\"><g data-name=\"Customer Survey-rafiki\"><ellipse cx=\"193.89\" cy=\"11.32\" fill=\"#5ccbc7\" opacity=\".32\" rx=\"193.89\" ry=\"11.32\" transform=\"translate(24.82 360.06)\"><\/ellipse><path fill=\"#6471f8\" d=\"M181.21 182.5c20.19-34.35 10.64-80.78 34.66-113.21 21.12-28.52 69.41-53.3 105.6-45.58 40.33 8.62 60.92 50.38 55.42 90.46-6.06 44.1-44.45 64.64-70.18 94.85-45.08 52.96-121.32 203.28-213.86 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d=\"M332.93 173.43c-1.8 4.68-3.62 9.19-5.62 13.72s-4.07 9-6.4 13.48l-.91 1.67-.46.84c-.19.34-.17.36-.69 1.23a9.78 9.78 0 0 1-3.61 3.36 10.76 10.76 0 0 1-3.91 1.18 16.46 16.46 0 0 1-5.6-.45 31 31 0 0 1-4.24-1.38 55.15 55.15 0 0 1-7.17-3.6c-1.13-.65-2.21-1.35-3.28-2s-2.04-1.48-3.19-2.28l5.4-8.28a70.26 70.26 0 0 0 12.15 5.27 18.34 18.34 0 0 0 2.73.62 3.84 3.84 0 0 0 1.6 0c.06 0-.13-.06-.46.11a2.69 2.69 0 0 0-1 .88c-.21.35.06-.17.15-.37l.36-.79.72-1.57a368.4 368.4 0 0 0 10.27-26.34Z\" data-name=\"Path 1771\"><\/path><path fill=\"#141c51\" d=\"M337.9 161.69c2.34 6.54-14.22 32.87-14.22 32.87l-9.82-9.73s2.51-8.27 5.82-18.23c3.26-9.79 15.99-11.16 18.22-4.91Z\" data-name=\"Path 1772\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Traitement du trouble affectif saisonnier<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res de combattre le trouble affectif saisonnier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Exposez-vous \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re naturelle<\/strong><br>Essayez de profiter autant que possible de la lumi\u00e8re naturelle. Si vous le pouvez, par exemple, marchez au soleil pendant une heure \u00e0 midi : c&rsquo;est une habitude qui aide \u00e0 combattre le trouble affectif saisonnier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La luminoth\u00e9rapie avec lumi\u00e8re artificielle<\/strong><br>Des lampes sp\u00e9ciales sont recommand\u00e9es pour le traitement du trouble affectif saisonnier. Une exposition quotidienne de 30 minutes \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re artificielle d&rsquo;une lampe de luminoth\u00e9rapie, d\u00e8s la fin ao\u00fbt, aide \u00e0 combattre les sympt\u00f4mes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bougez<\/strong><br>Que ce soit pour une promenade, de l&rsquo;exercice, ou du yoga, l&rsquo;exercice quotidien et l&rsquo;engagement dans une activit\u00e9 que vous aimez sont \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s importants pour lutter contre les sympt\u00f4mes de la d\u00e9pression.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les interactions sociales<\/strong><br>Essayez d&rsquo;avoir des interactions sociales dans votre quotidien. M\u00eame si cela n&rsquo;est pas possible dans votre cercle d&rsquo;amis, vous pouvez participer \u00e0 des groupes ou m\u00eame commencer des cours sur un sujet qui vous int\u00e9resse. Parall\u00e8lement, m\u00eame seul, tentez une promenade dans votre quartier. Sortir et rencontrer des gens peut sembler tout simple, mais c&rsquo;est b\u00e9n\u00e9fique. Parfois, on sourit et se salue, parfois non. Cependant, voir d&rsquo;autres personnes nous fait toujours sentir moins seuls.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;auto-soin<\/strong><br>Prendre du temps pour prendre soin de nous, fixer des objectifs et les atteindre : ces pratiques ont de grands bienfaits pour l&rsquo;estime et la ma\u00eetrise de soi, qui sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des indicateurs cl\u00e9s d&rsquo;une bonne sant\u00e9 mentale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/strong><br>Parfois, il est important de chercher de l&rsquo;aide si nous en avons besoin pour faire face \u00e0 une difficult\u00e9. La <a href=\"https:\/\/clicktotherapy.com\/fr\/blog\/6-courants-de-psychotherapie\">psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/a> peut \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement efficace dans le cas d&rsquo;un trouble affectif saisonnier, car elle offre des moyens et des outils au patient pour op\u00e9rer des changements dans son mode de vie, modifier ses pens\u00e9es et \u00e9viter les rechutes dans les ann\u00e9es suivantes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Sources :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gonzalez R. (2014) La relation entre le trouble bipolaire et les rythmes biologiques. <em>Journal of clinical psychiatry (<\/em>75)<em> pp<\/em>.323-331. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.13r08507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.13r08507<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even C, Schroder CM, Friedman S, Rouillon F. (2008) Efficacit\u00e9 de la phototh\u00e9rapie dans la d\u00e9pression non-saisonni\u00e8re : une revue syst\u00e9matique. <em>Journal of affect disorders<\/em> (108) <em>pp.<\/em>11\u201323. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2007.09.008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2007.09.008<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Partonen T, Lonnqvist J. (1996) Pr\u00e9vention du trouble affectif saisonnier par traitement lumineux. <em>Psychological medicine<\/em> (26) <em>pp<\/em>.1075\u20131080. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003329170003539x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003329170003539x<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La d\u00e9pression saisonni\u00e8re est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une forme de d\u00e9pression et semble toucher 2 \u00e0 3% de la population totale&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-depression","category-trouble-emotionnel"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u00e9pression saisonni\u00e8re : comment se produit-elle ? 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